Gregorian chant, consisting of a single line of vocal melody, unaccompanied in free rhythm was one of the most common forms of medieval music. The development of polyphonic music (more than one melody line played at the same time (“poly-phonic” means “many sounds”)) was a major shift towards the end of era that laid the foundations for Renaissance styles of music. (“mono-phonic” literally means “one sound”). Particular aspects and movements peculiar to different portions of it are found in such articles as CHIVALRY CRUSADES ECCLESIASTICAL ART FEUDALISM GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE INQUISITION CONFLICT OF INVESTITURES LAND-TENURE IN THE CHRISTIAN ERA MONASTICISM ECCLESIASTICAL MUSIC PAINTING PILGRIMAGES SCULPTURE in the articles upon the great religious orders, congregations, and institutions which then came into existence in the biographies of the popes, rulers, historical personages, scholars, philosophers, poets, and scientists whose lives fall within this period in the accounts of the universities, cities, and dioceses which were founded and developed throughout Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire to the time of the Reformation, and in innumerable minor articles throughout the work.The vast majority of medieval music was monophonic – in other words, there was only a single melody line. EUROPE CHRISTENDOM POPE) is found a more general and synthetic treatment. Under the titles covering the political divisions of Europe, past and present (e.g., ALSACE-LORRAINE ANHALT AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY BADEN BAVARIA BELGIUM BOHEMIA BREMEN BULGARIA CASTILE AND ARAGON CROATIA DENMARK ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HAMBURG HESSE HUNGARY IRELAND ITALY KARINTHIA KRAIN LEÓN LIPPE LÜBECK LUXEMBURG MECKLENBURG MONACO MONTENEGRO NAVARRE NETHERLANDS NORWAY OLDENBURG PAPAL STATES PORTUGAL REUSS ROME RUMANIA RUSSIA SAXE-ALTENBURG SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA SAXE-MEININGEN SAXE-WEIMAR SAXONY SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE SCHWARZBURG SCOTLAND SERVIA SICILY SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND VENICE WALDECK WALES WÜRTEMBERG), are given in detail their respective political and religious developments throughout the Middle Ages. The widest limits given, viz., the irruption of the Visigoths over the boundaries of the Roman Empire, for the beginning, and the middle of the sixteenth century, for the close, may be taken as inclusively sufficient, and embrace, beyond dispute, every movement or phase of history that can be claimed as properly belonging to the Middle Ages.Ī great part of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA is devoted to the movements, ecclesiastical, intellectual, social, political, and artistic, which made up European history during this period so fertile in human activities, whether sacred or profane. Any hard and fast line drawn to designate either the beginning or close of the period in question is arbitrary. The close of the Middle Ages is also variously fixed some make it coincide with the rise of Humanism and the Renaissance in Italy, in the fourteenth century with the fall of Constantinople, in 1453 with the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492 or, again, with the great religious schism of the sixteenth century. Others, again, begin the Middle Ages with the opening years of the seventh century and the death (609) of Venantius Fortunatus, the last representative of classic Latin literature. A later date, however, is sometimes assumed, viz., when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last of the Roman Emperors of the West, in 476. The period is usually considered to open with those migrations of the German Tribes which led to the destruction of the Roman Empire in the West in 375, when the Huns fell upon the Gothic tribes north of the Black Sea and forced the Visigoths over the boundaries of the Roman Empire on the lower Danube. The precise dates of the beginning, culmination, and end of the Middle Ages are more or less arbitrarily assumed according to the point of view adopted. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99.Ī term commonly used to designate that period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and about the middle of the fifteenth century. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download.
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